Event Title
2012 可持續實踐與鄉村建設國際研討會
Start Date
9-12-2012 11:45 AM
End Date
9-12-2012 1:00 PM
Language
Putonghua
Description
人类社会面临着两重问题，生存问题（survival problem）和生态问题（ecological problem）。所谓生存问题是指人类自身的问题，包含两个层面：一是如何获得生存必需的物质，免于饥饿、贫困；二是如何分配所获得的物质，追求公正、公平。前者关乎生产力，后者关乎社会制度。在人类的能力相对弱小的漫长历史中，生存问题的解决主要在于寻找更好的社会制度，或者改良，或者革命。进入工业文明之后，人类利用科学及其技术，可以从自然中获得越来越多的物质，生存问题的解决有了一个新的方向。即使分配不公平，每一方也能获得比从前更多的物质。生存问题得到了缓解。但是，生态问题却不期而至。所谓生态问题，是人类与自然的关系问题，表现为环境污染，生态破坏。
All kind of human society has to solve two issues: survival problem and ecological problem. The solution of survival problem has two aspects: 1, how to acquire necessary materials (from nature), to free of hungry and poverty; 2, how to distribute the material, to purchase equality and justice. The former refers to social productivity; the latter refers to social institution. In the long history when human only has weak ability to acquire materials from nature, the solution of survival problem focused on searching a better social institution, to reform, or to revolute. Making use of science and scientific technology, human have the power to acquire more and more materials from nature, after human came into industrial civilization. Human found a new way to treat survival problem, even if the distribution institution was not fair, every parts might have more materials than before. Survival problem seems to be solved, but ecological problem came unexpectedly. The ecological problem is the problem of the relationship between human and nature, manifesting as environmental pollution and ecological collapse.
Document Type
Conference
Presentation Material
Recommended Citation
田松 (2012，12月)。生存危机与生态危机。發表於 2012可持續實踐與鄉村建設國際研討會，西南大学，中國重慶市。
Included in
Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Other International and Area Studies Commons, Place and Environment Commons, Sociology of Culture Commons
生存危机与生态危机 = Survival crisis and ecological crisis
人类社会面临着两重问题，生存问题（survival problem）和生态问题（ecological problem）。所谓生存问题是指人类自身的问题，包含两个层面：一是如何获得生存必需的物质，免于饥饿、贫困；二是如何分配所获得的物质，追求公正、公平。前者关乎生产力，后者关乎社会制度。在人类的能力相对弱小的漫长历史中，生存问题的解决主要在于寻找更好的社会制度，或者改良，或者革命。进入工业文明之后，人类利用科学及其技术，可以从自然中获得越来越多的物质，生存问题的解决有了一个新的方向。即使分配不公平，每一方也能获得比从前更多的物质。生存问题得到了缓解。但是，生态问题却不期而至。所谓生态问题，是人类与自然的关系问题，表现为环境污染，生态破坏。
All kind of human society has to solve two issues: survival problem and ecological problem. The solution of survival problem has two aspects: 1, how to acquire necessary materials (from nature), to free of hungry and poverty; 2, how to distribute the material, to purchase equality and justice. The former refers to social productivity; the latter refers to social institution. In the long history when human only has weak ability to acquire materials from nature, the solution of survival problem focused on searching a better social institution, to reform, or to revolute. Making use of science and scientific technology, human have the power to acquire more and more materials from nature, after human came into industrial civilization. Human found a new way to treat survival problem, even if the distribution institution was not fair, every parts might have more materials than before. Survival problem seems to be solved, but ecological problem came unexpectedly. The ecological problem is the problem of the relationship between human and nature, manifesting as environmental pollution and ecological collapse.