其他篇名 Alternative Title
“Limits” : the Buddhist origins and theoretical domains of Yan Yu’s metaphysical hierarchy in the theory of “Miao Wu” (Wondrous Enlightenment)
摘要 Abstract
緣於文獻版本流傳的差異和佛教語源考索的欠缺，“分限”一詞在嚴羽《滄浪詩話．詩辨》中歷來爭議頗多。考鏡佛教禪宗與古代詩學語境，所謂“分限”多指範園有大小、境界有高低以及程度有深淺等不同，而嚴羽《詩辨》中“分限”與“悟”的關係也應釐定爲“悟有淺深、有分限”。與此相應，嚴羽的“妙悟”理論可劃分爲由深到淺、由高到低的四個等級六個層次。其中，漢魏爲“不假悟”；“謝靈運至盛唐諸公”爲“透撤之悟”；“大曆以還之詩”“晚唐之詩”“本朝蘇黃以下諸家”雖同爲“一知半解之悟”，但三者依次遞降；“熟參無見”爲“終不悟”。
Due to variations in textual transmission and the lack of thorough investigation into Buddhist etymology, the term “Limits” in Yan Yu’s Canglang Shihua: Shibian has long been a subject of debate. Examining the contexts of Buddhist Chan (Zen) and classical poetics, “boundaries” generally refers to differences in scope, levels of realization, and degrees of profundity. The relationship between “boundaries” and “insight” in Yan Yu’s Shibian should thus be understood as “insight varies in depth, and is conditioned by boundaries.”
Accordingly, Yan Yu’s theory of “Miao Wu” (Wondrous Enlightenment) can be divided into hierarchical levels and gradations, ranging from profound to superficial. The Han and Wei dynasties represent the highest level, characterized by “insight without reliance”. Next, the works of Xie Lingyun and the great poets of the flourishing Tang dynasty embody “thorough insight”. Following this, the poetry of the Dali era onward, late Tang poetry, and the works of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, and others of the Song dynasty are categorized as “partial insight”, with these three groups descending in level. Finally, those who have studied extensively but remain unenlightened represent the lowest level, known as “ultimate non-insight”.
關鍵詞 Keywords
嚴羽, 分限, 妙悟, 形上等級, 佛學淵源, 理論分域, Yan Yu, Limits, Wondrous Enlightenment, Metaphysical Hierarchy, Buddhist Origin, Theoretical System
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
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香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
張金梅、尹勁松 (2025)。“分限” : 嚴羽“妙悟”説形上等級的佛學淵源與理論分域。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十四輯，頁99-130。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol24/iss1/5
備註 Additional Information
本文爲國家社會科學基金重大項目“中國文論關鍵詞研究的歷史流變及其理論範式構建”（22&ZD258）、國家社會科學基金一般項目“南北朝經學與中國文論”（21BZW049）階段性成果。