其他篇名 Alternative Title
Days before the Jiaxing Tripitaka : movement of printing Tripitaka in the Jiangnan area during the early years of the Wanli Era
摘要 Abstract
學界以往曾發現不少出現在《嘉興藏》正式開雕之前的早期刊本，但未對此現象做出相應的解釋。本文依據傳世藏經文獻中的牌記、序跋記載，加上晚明僧俗精英們的别集著述，考察了“前嘉興藏”時期複雜的刻經經歷，追溯江南地區系统刊刻佛教經藏的地點，最早出現在嘉興東禪寺，發起者是千松明得禪師。而由於各種客觀條件影響，萬曆十年之後，這一刻經事業由晚輩高僧、學界所熟悉的紫柏真可禪師及其僧俗團隊繼續，並逐漸形成刊刻全藏的理想共識。紫柏刻經團隊早期嘗試刻經的地點不止一處，通過當時精英的别集文獻考察，其正式開刻地曾有松江府的金澤鎮、蘇州府的吳江縣等處，而納入早期刻藏經場考察的地方，則包括餘杭徑山、山東嶗山等多地。這些刻經地的選擇，出於當時紫柏僧團的交遊、教内外支持及現實的經濟、交通等多重考慮。最終萬曆十七年初夏，紫柏的刻經團隊正式開刻《嘉興藏》，並把正式刻經地放到了五臺山妙德庵，四年後轉而回到徑山，成爲長期的刻經場地。在“五臺山—徑山”刻藏的敘述成型之後，《嘉興藏》早期刻經的書寫與記憶逐漸被人遺忘。本文通過梳理各部傳世文獻中的相關線索，尤其日記文獻與經藏牌記等之前不被佛教史研究者關注的材料，發掘出晚明僧俗精英於《嘉興藏》籌備期所付出的諸多努力，及其所經歷的各種艱辛與曲折。
Previous academic research on the Jiaxing Tripitaka has found many early editions that appeared before the official printing, but no corresponding explanation has been provided for this phenomenon. This article examines the complex experience of Printing Tripitaka during the “Pre Jiaxing Tripitaka” period based on the records of plaques and prefaces in the surviving, as well as the collected works of the late Ming Buddhist and Lay elites. It traces back to the location of the systematic printing of Buddhist scriptures in the Jiangnan region, which first appeared in Dongchan Temple in Jiaxing, initiated by Master Qiansong Mingde. Due to various objective conditions, after ten years of the Wanli reign, at this moment, the Publishing business were continued by the younger generation of eminent monks and the well-known Zen master Zibai Zhenke and his team of monks and laypeople, gradually forming an ideal consensus for the publication of the entire collection. The Zibai printing peam attempted to carve scriptures in more than one location in the early days. According to the records of literati at that time, their official carving sites included Jinze Town in Songjiang Prefecture, Wujiang County in Suzhou Prefecture, and other places. The places included in the early carving and storage site investigation included many places such as Jingshan in Yuhang and Laoshan in Shandong. The selection of these scripture carving sites was based on multiple considerations such as the social connections of the Zibai at that time, support from both inside and outside the religion, as well as practical economic and transportation factors. In the early summer of the 17th year of the Wanli reign, Zibai’s scripture carving team officially began carving the “Jiaxing Tripitaka” and placed the initial official scripture carving site at Miao De An Temple in Wutai Mountain. Four years later, they returned to Jingshan and became a long-term scripture carving site. After the narrative of the “Wutai Mountain-Jingshan” printing tripitaka took shape, the writing and memory of the early printing in Jiaxing Tripitaka gradually became forgotten. This article explores the various efforts made by the late Ming Buddhist and secular elites during the preparation period of the Jiaxing Tripitaka, as well as the various hardships and twists and turns they experienced, by sorting out relevant clues from various handed down documents, especially diary documents and sutra records that were not previously studied by Buddhist historians.
關鍵詞 Keywords
嘉興藏, 明得, 東禪寺, 楞嚴寺, 紫柏真可, 馮夢禎, 牌記, Jiaxing Tripitaka, Ming De, Dong Chan Temple, Leng Yan Temple, Zibai Zhenke, Feng Meng-zhen, records of plaque
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
版權聲明 Copyright Statement
香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
共享創意條款 Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
王啓元 (2025)。未有《嘉興藏》之前 : 萬曆初年的江南刻經運動。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十四輯，頁293-327。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol24/iss1/12
備註 Additional Information
本文寫作要感謝徑山寺组織第二屆“徑山藏．嘉興藏國際學術研討會＂會上各位學者的意見發表與討論。本文部分初稿曾在浙江大學、香港嶺南大學的研討會上宣讀，感謝浙大馮國棟教授、南大王赫兄、天一閣李開升兄等的點評指正。同時，筆者從事明清方册大藏經研究以來，得到吳疆教授、林宇兄的啓發與指導，張芾兄也爲我提供多種早期藏經版頁，在此一併致謝。