其他篇名 Alternative Title
On “ri” and “ra” in Tang and Song Dynasties
摘要 Abstract
唐宋歌曲中的“哩” “囉”等聲原屬彈舌音，發音時彈摇舌部以引聲。上古漢語中的彈舌音在南北朝時期已漸消亡，加之唐代悉曇學非常發達，很可能源自梵文彈舌音。因梵文彈舌音中的四流音於唐代應用並不普遍，故更可能源自彈舌音中的超聲r，超聲r與元音組合即成“哩” “囉”等聲。彈舌音對於其時漢人而言較爲新奇，人們爭相仿傚。初作歌助聲（虚聲、和聲），唐宋以降，歌曲中“哩” “囉”等字漸被用以指代其他物事（如歌曲、唱吟之事、男女合歡之事等），以及用作咒語。彈舌發音較爲困難，“舌强”之人方可爲之，“哩” “囉”等聲傳入漢地後，彈舌屬性或愈漸剥離。
The sounds of “ri” and “ra” in songs of the Tang and Song dynasties were originally tongue-twitching sounds, and when pronouncing them, the tongue was flicked to lead the sound. The tongue-twitching sounds in ancient Chinese gradually disappeared during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In addition, Siddhamology was very developed in the Tang Dynasty, so it is very likely that they originated from the Sanskrit tongue-twitching sounds. Since the four-flow sounds in Sanskrit were not commonly used in the Tang Dynasty, it is more likely that they originated from the ultrasonic r in the Sanskrit. The ultrasonic r combined with vowels formed sounds such as “ri” and “ra”. The tongue-twisting sound was relatively new to the Han people at that time, and people rushed to imitate it. Initially, it was used to assist sounds in songs (empty sounds and harmonious sounds). Later, words such as “ri ” and “ra” were gradually used to refer to other things (such as songs, singing, sexual intercourse between men and women, etc.), and were used as spells. The tongue-rolling pronunciation is rather difficult and can only be done by people with a “strong tongue”. After the sounds such as “ri” and “ra” were introduced into the Han area, the tongue-rolling property may have gradually been lost.
關鍵詞 Keywords
哩囉, 魯流盧樓, 彈舌音, 四流音, 超聲, Rira, Luliululou, Tongue-twitching sound, Four-flow sound, Ultrasound
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
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香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
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參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
林楨 (2025)。唐宋“哩”“囉”考。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十三輯，頁227-255。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol23/iss1/9
備註 Additional Information
本文爲國家社科基金一般項目“詞體‘長短句’生成原理研究”（23BZW060）的階段性成果。