其他篇名 Alternative Title
“Always have the ambition to travel east” : a geography-biographical research on Du Fu’s immortal thought in his later life
摘要 Abstract
樊晃《杜工部小集序》談到杜甫晚年“常蓄東遊之志”。從這一記載入手並對照杜甫詩歌可以發現，杜甫晚年確實有再次東遊吳越的計劃。吳越自六朝以來便是神仙思想盛行之地，也成爲道教“同天福地”聚集的區域。杜甫之所以對吳越念念不忘者，除了因有親友在此之外，更爲重要的是受了神仙思想的指引。除了“東遊”杜甫晚年也表達過“南征/南遊”的意圖。“東遊”的目的地是吳越，而“南征”的目的地是武陵桃源（唐朗州，今湖南常德）乃至嶺南。二者雖然目的地不同，但同樣都是爲了求仙問道。江南乃至嶺南一帶，在六朝以來“洞天福地”的道教地理中佔據了重要位置，吸引了包括杜甫在内的道教信徒前來修仙朝聖。歷來讀者更多注意到杜甫的家國情懷，却忽視了神仙思想對杜甫的强大吸引力。運用傳記地理學的方法，可以幫助我們更好地理解杜甫晚年的心跡與行乘，加深對杜甫晚年詩歌的理解。
In “Preface to Du Gongbu’s Small Collection”, Fan Huang said that in his later years, Du Fu “always have the ambition to travel east (changxu dongyou zhizhi)”. It can be seen from this account and Du Fu’s poetry that in his later years, Du Fu did have a plan to travel east to Wu-Yueh (presently Zhejiang and Southern Jiangsu province) again. Since the Six Dynasties, Wu-Yueh had become an area where the idea of immortality prevailed, and many “grotto heavens and blessed earths” (dongtian fudi) in Taoist system were gathered there. The reason why Du Fu could not forget Wu-Yueh was not only because he had friends and relatives there, but also because he was attracted by the idea of immortality. In addition to “travelling east”, Du Fu also expressed his intention of “travelling south” in his later years. The destination of the “Eastward Journey” was Wu-Yueh, while the destination of the “Southward Journey” was Taohua yuan (in Langzhou of Tang dynasty and presently Changde, Hunan province) and even Lingnan (presently Guangdong province). Though the destinations of the two are different, they are both for the purpose of seeking immortality and Taoism. The area around Jiangnan and even Lingnan occupied an important position in the Taoist geography of “grotto heavens and blessed lands” since the Six Dynasties, attracting Taoist followers, including Du Fu, to come here for immortality. Historically, more attention has been paid to Du Fu’s nationalistic sentiments, but the strong attraction of the idea of immortality to Du Fu was overlooked. By the methodology of biographical geography, we could get a better understanding on Du Fu’s movements in his later years and his poetry.
關鍵詞 Keywords
杜甫, “東遊之志”, 道教, “洞天福地”, 傳記地理學, Du Fu, ”The Ambition to travel east”, Taoism, “Grotto Heaven and Blessed Earth”, biographical geography
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
版權聲明 Copyright Statement
香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
王治田 (2025)。“常蓄東遊之志” : 杜甫晚年神仙思想的地理傳記學考察。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十三輯，頁199-226。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol23/iss1/8
備註 Additional Information
本論文爲國家社科基金重大項目“中國古代類書叙録、整理與研究”項目編號：19ZDA245）、中華學術外譯項目“宋代城市研究”（項目編號：21WSHB012）的階段性成果。