其他篇名 Alternative Title
Diffusion of “Hubu Xin Sheng” and its integration with Han music
摘要 Abstract
初盛唐之際，河西地區流行的“胡部新聲”傳入中土。由於這一新的胡人音樂不同於此前已傳入中土的音樂，故被稱爲“胡音”或“新胡聲”。以往不少學者把“胡部新聲”與龜兹、河西等地的地方音樂關聯起來，把它視爲“胡樂漢化”的産物，然而《通典．樂．四方樂》《舊唐書．音樂志》《新唐書．禮樂志》等音樂史史料記載“胡部新聲”與龜兹音樂是並列關係，而非從屬關係。盛唐時期出現的新的樂種——胡部，從樂部結構而論，與隋唐之際流行中土的龜兹伎有較大區别，前者由管樂器、弦樂器構成，後者以管樂器、皮樂器爲主。經筆者考證，“胡部新聲”獨特的樂部結構指明它與薩珊王朝霍斯魯二世宫廷音樂之間的關聯。據阿爾．馬蘇第《黃金草原》、菲爾多西《列王記》等文獻記載，這位波斯君主曾令巴爾巴德、薩爾喀什等創造新的宫廷宴享音樂，波斯宫廷迎來了一次大規模的音樂創作大潮。這些音樂通過波斯、粟特商賈大隊介紹到中原大地。天寳十三載（754），唐玄宗下令道調、法曲與“胡新聲”合奏，胡音成功融入唐王朝燕樂系统。“胡音”的流傳刺激了中土音樂，爲了符合新“胡音”的旋律美特徵,樂工開始嘗試脱離傳统入樂詞句式（齊言句式），創作能够符合“胡音”的入樂詞形式——詞調。
In the early Tang dynasty, new popular music from Hexi area was introduced to China, called “Hubu Xin Sheng”. As this music was different from the Kucha music which had spread to China earlier, it was also called “Xin Hu Sheng” or “Hu Yin”. Previous scholars usually presume this music was the product of Chinese localization of Kucha music or Xiliang music. However, the structural feature of Hubu Xin Sheng was quite different from Kucha music. According to the record of “Hubu music” in “Tai Chang sibu yue”, which was compiled in the mid-Tang dynasty, Hubu music didn’t use drums, the signal instrument in Kucha music. It only used wind instruments and string instruments. This structural feature is highly similar to the court music of Khosrow II in the Sassanid Dynasty. In the record of Shahnameh by Ferdowsi and Kitab al-Musqi al-Kabir by al-Farabi, Khosrow II commanded court musician Barbad and Nakisa to compose new music. Then merchants active in Persia and Sogdiana spread this new popular music, and finally brought it to China. In 744 A.D., Tang Xuan Zong commanded to perform “Hubu Xin Sheng” with Dao Diao, and Fa Qu in the court. As the result of the stimulation of the popular of Huyin, Chinese musician started to add lyrics to Huyin. In order to match the new music structure, the form of the lyrics changed from neat poem to irregular verse. This new literary genre born in this way is called Ci.
關鍵詞 Keywords
胡部新聲, 唐王朝, 薩珊王朝, 法曲, 文化傳播, Hubu Xin Sheng, Tang Dynasty, Sassanid Empire, Fa music, Cultural diffusion
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
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香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
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參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
申東城 (2025)。“胡部新聲”的傳播及與漢樂的融合。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十三輯，頁159-197。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol23/iss1/7