其他篇名 Alternative Title
The context of ritual system and the meaning of ritual and music of “The Odes chanted must fit proper categories”
摘要 Abstract
“歌詩必類”的本義，當求之於歷史語境。晉平公在繼位之初與諸侯會盟時，欲宣示晉爲盟主，參與的諸侯大夫皆以朝聘之禮見之。其中的“歌詩必類”，非諸侯引詩、賦詩的探求詩義，而是以大夫見天子之禮歌之。齊欲與晉爭霸，齊使高厚歌不類，引發晉伐齊。故“歌詩必類”的禮義，是依頌、雅、風的規格“上取下就”而用之，用所歌篇章的樂義交流，此爲春秋諸侯大夫歌詩的禮樂規則。其意義在於歌唱的詩篇要取其禮義、樂義，而非詩義。
The original meaning of “The Odes chanted must fit proper categories” should be sought in the historical context. When Duke Ping of Jin first held a meeting with the princes after he ascended the throne, he wanted to declare Jin as the leader of the alliance, and all the princes and ministers who participated in the meeting met him with the ceremony of paying homage. “The Odes chanted must fit proper categories” here does not mean that the princes quote poems or compose poems to explore the meaning of the poems, but that they are sung according to the etiquette of officials meeting the emperor. Qi wanted to contend for hegemony with Jin, so Qi’s envoy Gao Hou sang an unconventional song, which led to Jin’s attack on Qi. Therefore, the etiquette and morality of “The Odes chanted must fit proper categories” is to “take from the top and follow the bottom” according to the standards of Song, Ya and Feng, and use the music meaning of the chapters being sung to communicate. This is the etiquette and music rules for singing poems by princes and officials in the Spring and Autumn Period. Its significance lies in that the poems sung should be based on their ritual and musical meaning rather than their poetic meaning.
關鍵詞 Keywords
歌詩必類, 諸侯朝晉, 晉齊爭霸, 歌詩禮義, 詩篇樂義, The Odes chanted must fit proper categories, princes paying homage to Jin, the struggle between Jin and Qi for hegemony, rituals and ethics of poetry, musical meaning of poetry
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
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香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
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參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
曹勝高 (2025)。“歌詩必類”的禮制語境與禮義、樂義。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十三輯，頁73-101。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol23/iss1/3