其他篇名 Alternative Title
The impact of big data on material cultural history : taking ancient architecture and the tax term “Jian” as an example
摘要 Abstract
中國古代建築常以“間”或“半間”計數，然學界少見深入研究。本文即利用目前已建置完成之百餘億字可全文檢索的大數據新環境，查找出自唐宋以迄明清留有長闊或高度的近8,000間記事，並嘗試透過這些事例，深化對此古建築用語的相關認識。發現“間”字用在地舍的具體描述或租税計算時，其定義並不相同。前者對個别房舍通常只計以“間”或“半間”，取建築物正面“兩柱夾覆之中”爲1間，並以間闊1丈爲“標準值”，但往往略有增減。後者則是將面闊1間之房舍依其進深、屋況或地段等因素綜合估算（金代乃以“椓”數表之），再换算成間數（遂有畸零之數）以徵收租税。此一新認知展現大數據對傳統物質文化史研究所具有的啓發意義。
Ancient Chinese architecture is often counted by “Jian” or “Half Jian”, but there is little in-depth research in academia. This article uses the new big data environment that has been built with more than 10 billion words of full-text search to search for nearly 8, 000 records of length, width or height from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and attempts to deepen the understanding of this ancient architectural terminology through these examples. It was found that the definition of the word “Jian” was different when it was used in the specific description of a place or in the calculation of rent and taxes. The former usually only counts individual houses as “rooms” or “half rooms”, with the area between two pillars on the front of the building being considered one room, and the width of the room being 10 feet as the “standard value”, but there are often slight increases or decreases. The latter is to make a comprehensive estimate of the depth, condition of the house or location of a house with a width of one room (in the Jin Dynasty, it was expressed as the number “Zhuo”), and then convert it into the number of rooms (thus there are odd numbers) to collect rent and taxes. This new understanding demonstrates the inspiring significance of big data for the study of traditional material culture history.
關鍵詞 Keywords
建築史, 度量史, 間丁, 大數據, 賦税單位, Architectural History, Measurement history, Jian, Ding, Big Data, Tax Unit
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
版權聲明 Copyright Statement
香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
共享創意條款 Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
黃一農 (2025)。大數據對物質文化史的衝擊 : 以古建築及賦税用語“間”爲例。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十三輯，頁1-41。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol23/iss1/1
備註 Additional Information
本文部分内容曾在北京昌平“2024明文化國際學術研討會”上宣讀。