其他篇名 Alternative Title
Literary virtue : a moral cornerstone of chinese literary theory
摘要 Abstract
“文德”是中國文論之作家論的基點，貫穿數千年中國文論史，形成了尚德的中國文學傳统。“文人”在社會治理與文明傳承中擔任著重要的任務，因此對“文人”的道德品質有嚴格的要求，而文藝創作天然地崇尚超越規矩、擺脱束縛的精神自由，二者之間構成内在的衛突，於是衍生出“文人無行”的命題。傳统文學批評從正面强調“文德”，德爲主，文爲輔，主次鮮明。面對不同的社會文化現狀，基於不同的思想立場，對“文德”的理解不盡相同。或提倡士先器識而後文藝，或强調士人“不俗”的品格，或主張“性情之正”，以理正情，對情感的抒泄加以疏導和匡正。至明清時期標尚“志士”之詩文，心憂天下，關懷民瘼，個人情懷緊緊聯繫著社會苦難和時代劇變，傳统的“文德”論的内涵因時因地而發展變化，當前中國文論應該有新時代的“文德”論。
Literary Virtue is the basic point of the writer’s theory in Chinese literary theory. It runs through the history of Chinese literary theory for thousands of years and forms a Chinese literary tradition that advocates virtue. Literati played an important role in social governance and civilization inheritance. Therefore, there are particularly strict requirements for the moral quality of literati. Literary and artistic creation naturally advocates spiritual freedom that transcends rules and gets rid of constraints. The two constitute an inner conflict gave rise to the proposition that “literati lack morals”. Traditional literary criticism emphasizes Literary Virtue from the front, with morality as the main priority and literature as a supplement, with clear priorities. In the face of different social and cultural status quo, and based on different ideological positions, the understanding of Literary Virtue is different. Some advocate scholars to put capacity and insight first and the literary arts second, or emphasize the “not be vulgar” character of literati, or advocate “rectifying inner nature and emotions” to rationalize and correct emotions, and to channel and correct the expression of emotions. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, poems and essays concerned about the world and caring for the people by men of ambition were admired. Their personal feelings were closely related to social suffering and the drastic changes of the times. The connotation of traditional Literary Virtue theory developed and changed with time and place. Contemporary Chinese literary theory should have a new era of Literary Virtue theory.
關鍵詞 Keywords
文德, 文人無行, 不俗, 志士之詩, Literary virtue, Literati lack morals, Not be vulgar, The Poetry of men of ambition
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
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香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
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參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
周興陸 (2024)。文德 : 中國文論尚德精神的理論基石。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十二輯，頁35-57。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol22/iss1/4