其他篇名 Alternative Title
The sources and flows of “Yifa” : sediments of time in a conceptual apparatus for Chinese archaic prose writing
摘要 Abstract
“義法”是清代學者方苞提出的一個古文概念，詞源見於先秦子書、《史記》以及漢代以降有關《春秋》書法、義例的討論，其意義源則是宋元明以來的文章法度之學。清初方苞激活“義法”一詞，賦予其表微、紀事、辨體等多層含義，使之區别於文法“意義群”中的其他親緣詞，實可謂“有爲而作”。康熙末《南山集》案的刺激，使方苞致力於索解司馬遷的盛世心曲，通過《史記》義法的闡釋，試探政治高壓下的隱微表達機制；同時代史學單向度的徵實風尚，更激發方苞在紀事義法中凸顯主觀真實。在方苞身後，桐城後學試圖以“聲氣”超越“義法”，將“義法”理解爲桐城古文結構中一個較粗的環節。古文圈外對於“義法”的理解則更趨寬泛。“義法”概念不斷衍變，多個“時間層”重疊層累，既有在無意識間沿襲前代文法之學的“古層”，又有在政、學具體語境中强烈波動的“表層”。
Yifa (substantive technique) is a literary critical concept proposed by the Qing scholar Fang Bao (1668 - 1749). The origins of this term can be traced back to pre-Qin philosophical texts, the Shiji (Historical Records), and Han dynasty discussions of the Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals); the significance of the term, however, draws on and reacts against the standards of literary composition characteristic of the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. These standards constitute a “meaning cluster”, against which Fang Bao distinguished substantive technique as a conceptual apparatus with which to confront the elite culture, scholastic paradigms, and literary style of his era. Fang Bao’s successors in the Tongcheng lineage used the discourse of sound and vital force (shengqi) to transcend substantive technique, which they relegated to a relatively basic status within the Tongcheng classical prose system. The understanding of substantive technique outside of classical prose circles subsequently broadened significantly, as early modern educators and translators went so far as to include all narrative techniques, old and new, Chinese and Western, under its rubric. Among the multiple layers of Fang Bao’s conceptual apparatus, we find a deep sediment constituted through unconscious adaptation of the literary techniques of earlier generations, as well as a forcefully dynamic layer that appears in response to specific political and scholarly contexts.
關鍵詞 Keywords
義法, 古文, 文法學, 意義群, 時間層, Yifa (substantive technique), Guwen (Archaic Prose), Learning of prose writing rules, Meaning cluster, Sediments of time
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
版權聲明 Copyright Statement
香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
共享創意條款 Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
陸胤 (2024)。“義法”原委考 : 一個古文概念工具的“時間層”。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十二輯，頁193-239。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol22/iss1/11
備註 Additional Information
本論文爲北京市社科基金重點項目（青年學術帶頭人項目）“近代文章學研究”（項目編號 : 21DTR033）的階段性成果。