其他篇名 Alternative Title
Writing the historical memory of a fallen state : narratives of rise and fall in Xu Xuan's "Inscription on the Tombstone of King Wu of Longxi" and comment on Li Yu
摘要 Abstract
本文以墓志銘爲媒介，期以探析趙宋官方對待降君之態度，透視南唐降臣入宋後的處境與心態，進而側觀趙宋君臣如何回憶並編寫征服南唐的歷史記憶，以及如何詮釋被征服者的政治地位。本文鈎沉徐鉉受宋太宗命爲李煜撰墓志銘背後複雜緊張的政治背景，發現徐鉉在把握趙宋官方統一南唐的立場時，也存故主之義，使之同時具有特殊的文學與史學價值。徐鉉構建南唐國亡乃天命所歸的敘事模式，既淡化李煜亡國之君責任，又尊奉揄揚了趙宋承天受命的正統性。徐鉉還粉飾歷史情境中趙宋侵略的主動性，同時還將國覆責任推之於離間趙宋、南唐關係的吴越。而著重敘述南唐被代表正統的趙宋所併，也源於太宗朝對“太平”這一統治目標的追求。徐鉉在對李煜形象與功業進行蓋棺論定時，突顯李煜對内以古道馭民施行仁政，對外謹藩國之度；藉之促使降臣群體再次認同南唐被趙宋征服的歷史事實。徐鉉繼承“燕許”碑取實録的寫作要旨，客觀指出李煜治國時的弊端，也隱含反省規箴之意。在銘文中以騷體描述李煜既葬勒銘的過程，以典奥淒婉之風抒發哀悼；且運散入駢，顯出雄辭逸氣。徐鉉實對北宋文壇具深遠影響，以該文爲取徑重新審視徐鉉駢文價值，明晰北宋廟堂文章倡古道、守法度、重氣格的文學風尚實有源自宋初徐鉉之跡。
This paper examines tomb inscriptions as a medium to analyze the Zhao Song dynasty's official attitude toward defeated monarchs, specifically to illuminate the conditions and mindsets of Southern Tang officials after their submission to the Song dynasty. It further observes how the Zhao Song rulers and ministers recalled and constructed the historical memory of their conquest of Southern Tang and interpreted the political status of the conquered. The study delves into the complex and tense political background behind Xu Xuan's commission by Emperor Taizong of Song to compose the tomb inseription for Li Yu of the Southern Tang dynasty. It reveals that Xu Xuan, while adhering to the Zhao Song dynasty's official stance of rightful unification, maintained a sense of loyalty to his former ruler, conferring special literary and historiographical value to his work. Xu Xuan constructed a narrative that interpreted the fall of the Southern Tang dynasty as an act of divine will, thus mitigating Li Yu's responsibility as the monarch of a fallen state while extolling the Song Dynasty's legitimacy as divinely ordained. Xu also whitewashed the Song dynasty's aggressive invasion and shifted the blame for the state's collapse onto Wuyue, which had disrupted relations between the Zhao Song and the Southern Tang dynasty. Emphasizing the Southern Tang dynasty's absorption by the orthodox Zhao Song dynasty stemmed from Emperor Taizong's pursuit of the ruling objective of "great peace" (taiping 太平). In his final evaluation of Li Yu's character and accomplishments, Xu Xuan highlighted Li Yu's governance through benevolence and careful maintenance of vassal relations, thereby prompting the group of surrendered officials to re-acknowledge the historical fact of the Southern Tang dyansty's conquest by the Zhao Song dynasty. Following the "Yan Xu" 燕許 stele's tradition of factual recording, Xu Xuan objectively pointed out the flaws in Li Yu's rule and implied a reflective critique. In the inscription, Xu Xuan depiets Li Yu's entombment process in a sorrowful, elegiac Sao style, which reveals a commanding and free-spirited eloquence. Xu Xuan's impact on the Northern Song literary scene was profound; re-evaluating his ornate prose illuminates that the literary trends in the Northern Song court- advocating for the ancient way, adherence to rules, and emphasis on vigor and style-originate from the early Song figure Xu Xuan.
關鍵詞 Keywords
李煜, 徐鉉, 南唐, 墓志銘, 宋代駢文, Li Yu, Xu Xuan, Southern Tang dynasty, tomb inscription, ornate prose in the Song dynasty
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
版權聲明 Copyright Statement
香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
共享創意條款 Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
張鑫誠 (2024)。編寫"亡國"歷史記憶 : 徐鉉《吴王隴西公墓志銘》之興亡敘事與李煜論定。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十一輯，頁219-251。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol21/iss1/8