其他篇名 Alternative Title
Shaping "China" : the large-scale enfeoffment of the Chengkang era and the regional integration of the Chengzhou Royal Domain
摘要 Abstract
後世多將《詩經．北山》“溥天之下，莫非王土”視爲西周王朝美好政治願景，實際這句話真切反映出周人欲實現大一統的宏圖。而要達成這一政治鵠的，藉由分封制的推廣來重構新的“中心—四土”地理格局勢在必行。西周統治核心區爲《漢書．地理志》所言的“洛邑與宗周通封畿”，與西部宗周王畿的形成不同，東部的成周王畿區是周公東征以來軍政謀略運用下的塑造結果，突出展現在成康大分封時代異姓諸侯的徙封和姬姓子弟的新封中。商末周初異國楚、鄂原居中原要地，因其阻礙周人地盤擴張和核心區穩固，迫其南遷，而姻戚陳國的褒封因不合於成王封建佈局，亦徙封至南土。成王在令康叔徙封至衛以領有殷舊畿大部基礎上，再於中原新封邘、凡、共、柞、密諸姬姓國。康王更進一步將姜姓焦國遷出三門峽，另封以姬姓焦國來穩固兩畿之間，並將本居邢丘的邢國徙封至北土邢臺以抗戎，從而真正起到蕃屏功效。每一分封（含徙封）諸侯的背後，都體現周初統治者精心建構其地緣空間、優化國土結構的高超設計，最終令後世爲華夏代名詞的“中國”區域在成康時代基本奠定下來。
"Under the vast heaven, all is the king's land" a line from The Book of Songs "Beishan" has often been interpreted as an expression of the Western Zhou Dynasty's ideal political vision. However, this phrase more accurately reflects the Zhou people's ambition for great unification. To achieve this political goal, the promotion of the feudal enfeoffment system to restructure the new "center-periphery" geographical pattern was essential. The core ruling area of the Western Zhou was the region described in The Book of Han "Geography Records" as "Luoyi and Zongzhou's joint royal domain." Unlike the formation of the western Zongzhou royal domain, the eastern Chengzhou royal domain was the result of military and political strategizing that began with the Duke of Zhou's eastern campaign, notably during the large-scale enfeoffment in the Chengkang era. This period was characterized by the relocation of non-kin dukes and the enfeoffment of new kin lords. At the end of the Shang and beginning of the Zhou dynasty, the Chu and E states occupied central territories critical to the Zhou expansion and stability, necessitating their southern migration, while the enfeoffment of the related Chen state was also moved southward due to its incompatibility with King Cheng's feudal layout. King Cheng further solidified control over the old Yin royal domain through Kangshu's relocation to Wei and the enfeoffment of new Ji-kin states in the Central Plains, such as Yu, Fan, Gong, Zuo, and Mi. King Kang went further by relocating the Jiang-kin Jiao state from the Sanmenxia area and replacing it with a Ji-kin Jiao state to strengthen the area between the two royal domains, and moved the Xing state from Xingqiu to Xingtai in the northern lands to resist the Rong, effectively serving as a protective screen. Each enfeoffment (including relocations) reflects early Zhou rulers' meticulous design in constructing their geopolitical region and optimizing the national territory structure, ultimately laying the foundational concept of the region known to later generations as "China" during the Chengkang era.
關鍵詞 Keywords
成康時代, 大分封, 成周王畿區, 空間整合, 國族遷徙, Chengkang era, large-scale enfeoffment, Chengzhou royal domain, regional integration, national migration
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
版權聲明 Copyright Statement
香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
葉先闖 (2024)。塑造"中國" : 成康大分封與成周王畿區的空間整合。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第二十一輯，頁29-59。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol21/iss1/2
備註 Additional Information
本文係國家社科基金重大項目“多卷本《西周史》” （17ZDA179）以及2024年度廣西高校中青年教師科研基礎能力提升項目（2024KY0032）的階段性成果。承蒙兩位匿名審稿專家提出寶貴且富有建設性的修改意見，謹深致謝忱。