其他篇名 Alternative Title
Some thoughts on Chinese study from perspective of Sino-Tibetan languages : phonological category, phonetic value and evolutionary ecology
摘要 Abstract
本文基於筆者對漢藏語言（尤其是白語）的研究，對漢語的研究提供一些參考意見。漢藏語言的譜系結構是大的研究背景，無論是漢藏比較還是漢語研究，都需要考慮將所探討的問題建立在更可靠的前提假設之下，同源抑或借用的判斷都應有切實的證據。語言中的音類，尤其是原始語言中的音類，應根據語音對應（如：漢語去聲和入聲在白語中對應）；音值方面的擬測可根據語音學的進展而更新完善，比如，現在對聲調的理解已經遠不限於基頻的變化了（如：白語中的發聲類型）；語言隨着言者的變化而變化，而言者在不同情形下的交際狀况就構成了演化生態，可以從大的生態角度出發，來理解一些複雜的變異（如：白語中的否定）。白語是漢語的姐妹語言，白語研究中的這些方面或許能拓寬漢語研究的視野。
Based on previous studies on Sino-Tibetan languages (mostly, the Bai language) by the author, this paper tends to provide some cues for studies on Chinese. The genetic structure of Sino-Tibetan languages offers the general background. Either Sino-Tibetan comparison or Chinese studies, may need a sustainable hypothesis. Either cognates or loanwords should be clearly identified with substantial evidence. Phonological categories, especially those of protolanguages, should be derived from sound correspondences, such as, the correspondences in the Bai language to Chinese departure tone and entering tone. The reconstruction of phonetic value may update with the advance of modern phonetics. For instance, tone is not only relevant to FO. Phonation types in the Bai language contribute to the tone system a lot. Languages change with their speakers. Different communicative scenarios result in different evolutionary ecology. From the perspective of evolutionary ecology, some complex variations, such as the negations of the Bai language, could be explained. The Bai language is a sister language of Chinese. The views in the studies of the Bai language are hopefully to broaden horizons of Chinese studies.
關鍵詞 Keywords
漢藏比較, 白語, 音類, 音值, 語言生態, Sino-Tibetan comparison, the Bai language, Phonological category, Phonetic value, Language ecology
語言 Language
Chinese (Traditional)
版權聲明 Copyright Statement
香港嶺南大學中文系(編)，上海古籍出版社(出版)
共享創意條款 Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
參考書目格式 Recommended Citation
汪鋒 (2021)。漢藏語言研究對漢語研究的啓示 : 音類、音值及演化生態。《嶺南學報》，復刊 第十五輯，頁3-17。檢自 https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ljcs_new/vol15/iss1/2
備註 Additional Information
本研究得到教育部人文社會科學重點研究基地重大項目“語言變異和接觸機制研究（19JJD740001）”和北京市社會科學基金重大項目“多語接觸與中介語演化機制”（20ZDA20）資助。相關内容在嶺南大學中文系主辦的“早期中國的經典與語言”學術研討會（2020）上報告過，蒙與會學者提出諸多有益意見，後又承匿名審稿人及秋谷裕幸、李子鶴、鍾蔚蘋、趙小保諸位指正，謹此一併致謝。