《春秋》「躋僖公」解
Document Type
Journal article
Source Publication
東方文化 = Journal of Oriental Studies
Publication Date
1-1-1996
Volume
34
Issue
2
First Page
293
Last Page
312
Publisher
Hong Kong University Press
Abstract
According to Chunqiu春秋, under the rule of Duke Wen文 of Lu魯, there was a violation of the order of sacrifice, in which Duke Xi僖 was unjustly advanced to the position of Duke Min閔 during a sacrificial ceremony . The details of the incident were recorded in Zuozhuan左傳 and Guoyu國語. The present paper examines the various views of previous studies and clarifies a number of unresolved issues regarding the nature of zhaomu昭穆 and sacrificial practices in the Spring and Autumn period. The key to position is to distinguish ‘advancing the position of Duke Xi’ from ‘the proper position of Duke Xi’. Zuozhuan did not mention zhaomu in this connection, and according to Guoyu it was the placement of Duke Xi above Duke Min that Zongyousi宗有司 referred to as ‘a violation of zhaomu’. It is incorrect, however, to deduce from it that Duke Min and Duke Xi should belong to different zhaomu. The original zhaomu protocol prescribes that father and son should belong to different zhaomu, while brothers share the same zhaomu. Following proper etiquette, since Duke Min was a younger brother of Duke Xi, they should have the same zhaomu. On the other hand, Duke Xi inherited his dukedom from Duke Min, who should therefore have a higher position than Duke Xi. It was Xiafufuji夏父弗忌 who misunderstood the true nature of zhaomu, and placed Duke Min and Duke Xi onto different zhaomu according to his own judgement. All in all, Xiafufuji indeed violated the order of sacrifice by altering the zhaomu of Duke Min and Duke, but this should not be confused with the issue of whether or not Duke Min and Duke Xi should share the same zhaomu - a fallacy committed by previous studies. According to Zuozhuan and Guoyu, there is an irony in the inclusion of this incident in Chunqiu. A violation of sacrificial order was unacceptable in Zhou周 etiquette, but Shang商oracular writings reveal that similar incidents occurred regularly during the Shang period. We are perhaps witnessing in Chunqiu relics of ancient etiquette in transformation.
Print ISSN
0022331X
Language
Chinese (Traditional)
Recommended Citation
許子濱 (1994)。《春秋》「躋僖公」解 。《東方文化》，34(2)，293-312。