Lead-time reduction in a two-level supply chain : non-cooperative equilibria vs. coordination with a profit-sharing contract

Document Type

Journal article

Source Publication

International Journal of Production Economics

Publication Date

4-1-2009

Volume

118

Issue

2

First Page

521

Last Page

544

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Keywords

Lead-time reduction, supply chain management, renewal reward theorem, nash game, stackelberg game, cooperation with a profit-sharing contract

Abstract

This paper considers game-theoretic models of lead-time reduction in a two-level supply chain involving a manufacturer and a retailer. The retailer manages her inventory system using the order quantity, reorder point, continuous-review (q, r) policy. To satisfy the retailer's order, the manufacturer sets up his facility, implements a pre-determined production schedule and delivers finished products to the retailer. in our paper, the lead-time consists of three components: setup time, production time and shipping time, each being in a range between minimum and "normal" durations. The first two lead-time components are naturally determined by the manufacturer, whereas the shipping lead time may be chosen by the manufacturer or the retailer. We thus consider two problems according to who decides the shipping lead time, and for each problems in the noncooperative setting, we obtain Pareto-optimal Nash and Stackelberg equilibria. We find that, for all games, the manufacturer should be responsible for the setup time and production time at their normal durations. Next, we develop a simple profit-sharing contract to achieve supply chain coordination. We show that, under our properly designed contract, the two Supply chain members are better off, and thus, they would have no incentive to deviate from the global solution that maximizes the system-wide profit.

DOI

10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.01.002

Print ISSN

09255273

Publisher Statement

Copyright © 2008 Elsevier B.V

Access to external full text or publisher's version may require subscription.

Full-text Version

Publisher’s Version

Language

English

Recommended Citation

Leng, M., & Parlar, M. (2009). Lead-time reduction in a two-level supply chain: Non-cooperative equilibria vs. coordination with a profit-sharing contract. International Journal of Production Economics, 118(2), 521-544. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.01.002

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