Start Date
27-6-2012 2:00 PM
End Date
27-6-2012 4:10 PM
Abstract
Dependency in old age is commonly linked to declining health and financial resources and thus, older persons have to rely on family members for support. Nonetheless, family support has been found to vary widely by coresidence status. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of co-residence status and selected demographic variables in predicting the likelihood of older persons receiving financial and/or non-financial support from children. A sub-sample of 1,273 older persons aged 60 years and above was obtained from a nationwide survey in Malaysia in 2010. Respondents’ response on the types of support received from children were collapsed into financial (monetary assistance and payment for: treatment cost, place to stay, in-home care services, and assistive devices) and non-financial support (household chores, care when sick and others). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the contribution of factors on the likelihood that respondents would receive support (0 = No support, 1 = Either financial or non-financial support, 2 = Both types of support). The model contained eight dichotomous independent variables including sex, education level, marital status, employment status, co-resident status, health problems, monthly personal income and household size. Descriptive results showed that 78.9% of older persons co-reside with their children. Majority of older persons received both financial and non-financial support (64%), compared to financial only (11%), non-financial only (9%), or no support at all (16%). Chi-square test of independence found that there was significant relationship between co-residential status and types of assistance received. Multinomial regression showed that co-residence with children was the most influential determinant of support type, followed by employment and education of older persons. The full model containing all predictors was statistically significant (Χ2 = 196.512, df = 16, p = 0.001) and correctly classified 66% of cases, which was more robust proportional by chance accuracy rate, in distinguishing respondents with different types of support received. Reference group for the model are those who received no support. If an elderly were to co-reside with adult children, they are 3 times more likely to receive both support than not getting any. Differences in the respondent’s gender and health were significant determinants of partial or full support. While co-residential status affects the overall support for the elderly in Malaysia, the relative influence of other predictors must be given due consideration. The disadvantaged elderly or older persons at-risk should be provided with assistance so that they do not face unmet needs in terms of support in old age.
「为马来西亚独居和非独居长者提供的多种支援」
摘要
老年时期的依赖性往往与健康状况转差和收入来源减少有关，因此老人需要依仗家人的照顾和支持。但即使同住，家庭支持的方式也是纷繁多样。此研究目的是尝试查明根据同住状况和特定的人口变量，看是否能有效预测老人可否从子女身上获得经济和工具性的支持。子样本的数据是从2010年在马来西亚全国进行的调查所得，共有1273位六十岁或以上的老人参与调查。调查对象的报告显示，从子女身上获得的支持可分为财政支持（金钱补贴及支付医疗费用、住宿费、家居护理服务费和辅助器材费）和非财政支持（打理家务杂事和患病时的照顾）。调查使用多项式逻辑回归分析来评估调查对象是否可获得子女支持的因素（0=没有任何支持，1=只有财政支持或只有非财政支持，2=两种支持皆有）。调查模型包括八个二分独立的可变因素，即性别、教育程度、婚姻、就业、同住、健康问题、个人月入以及家庭大小。描述性结果显示78.9%的老人与子女同住。大部份老人（64%）都获得财政支持和非财政支持；而只获得财政支持，或只有非财政支持的老人则各占11%和9%；甚么支持都没有的占16%。卡方独立性测定反映同住与获得的支持有重要关系。多项式回归分析显示与子女同住为最重要的影响，其次为老人的就业程况及教育水平。包含所有预测因子的完整模型从统计学上来说是具重要性的（X2=196.512，df=16，p=0.001），而且以机会准确值来说它有着充裕的比例，能准确地把66%的个案分类，反映模型能区分获得不同种类支持的调查对象。参照群组是由没有接受支持的老人。如老人与成年子女同住，他们获得财政支持和工具性支持的比率，比什么支持也得不到的比率高出3倍。受访对象的性别及健康亦是能否获得局部或全面的支持的决定因素。虽然同住状况影响了马来西亚长者得到的整体支持，但其他因素的相关影响亦需要注视。身体有残疾或高危长者需要获得支持，让他们不会老而无依。
Presentation Material
Recommended Citation
Ibrahim, R., Chai, S. T., Hamid, T. A., & Ismail, N. A. (2012, June). Types of support received by co-resident & non co-resident older Malaysians. Paper presented at the 2nd International Leadership Assembly of Nuising Homes cum APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012, Harbour Plaza Resort City, Hong Kong.
Included in
Types of support received by co-resident & non co-resident older Malaysians
Dependency in old age is commonly linked to declining health and financial resources and thus, older persons have to rely on family members for support. Nonetheless, family support has been found to vary widely by coresidence status. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of co-residence status and selected demographic variables in predicting the likelihood of older persons receiving financial and/or non-financial support from children. A sub-sample of 1,273 older persons aged 60 years and above was obtained from a nationwide survey in Malaysia in 2010. Respondents’ response on the types of support received from children were collapsed into financial (monetary assistance and payment for: treatment cost, place to stay, in-home care services, and assistive devices) and non-financial support (household chores, care when sick and others). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the contribution of factors on the likelihood that respondents would receive support (0 = No support, 1 = Either financial or non-financial support, 2 = Both types of support). The model contained eight dichotomous independent variables including sex, education level, marital status, employment status, co-resident status, health problems, monthly personal income and household size. Descriptive results showed that 78.9% of older persons co-reside with their children. Majority of older persons received both financial and non-financial support (64%), compared to financial only (11%), non-financial only (9%), or no support at all (16%). Chi-square test of independence found that there was significant relationship between co-residential status and types of assistance received. Multinomial regression showed that co-residence with children was the most influential determinant of support type, followed by employment and education of older persons. The full model containing all predictors was statistically significant (Χ2 = 196.512, df = 16, p = 0.001) and correctly classified 66% of cases, which was more robust proportional by chance accuracy rate, in distinguishing respondents with different types of support received. Reference group for the model are those who received no support. If an elderly were to co-reside with adult children, they are 3 times more likely to receive both support than not getting any. Differences in the respondent’s gender and health were significant determinants of partial or full support. While co-residential status affects the overall support for the elderly in Malaysia, the relative influence of other predictors must be given due consideration. The disadvantaged elderly or older persons at-risk should be provided with assistance so that they do not face unmet needs in terms of support in old age.
「为马来西亚独居和非独居长者提供的多种支援」
摘要
老年时期的依赖性往往与健康状况转差和收入来源减少有关，因此老人需要依仗家人的照顾和支持。但即使同住，家庭支持的方式也是纷繁多样。此研究目的是尝试查明根据同住状况和特定的人口变量，看是否能有效预测老人可否从子女身上获得经济和工具性的支持。子样本的数据是从2010年在马来西亚全国进行的调查所得，共有1273位六十岁或以上的老人参与调查。调查对象的报告显示，从子女身上获得的支持可分为财政支持（金钱补贴及支付医疗费用、住宿费、家居护理服务费和辅助器材费）和非财政支持（打理家务杂事和患病时的照顾）。调查使用多项式逻辑回归分析来评估调查对象是否可获得子女支持的因素（0=没有任何支持，1=只有财政支持或只有非财政支持，2=两种支持皆有）。调查模型包括八个二分独立的可变因素，即性别、教育程度、婚姻、就业、同住、健康问题、个人月入以及家庭大小。描述性结果显示78.9%的老人与子女同住。大部份老人（64%）都获得财政支持和非财政支持；而只获得财政支持，或只有非财政支持的老人则各占11%和9%；甚么支持都没有的占16%。卡方独立性测定反映同住与获得的支持有重要关系。多项式回归分析显示与子女同住为最重要的影响，其次为老人的就业程况及教育水平。包含所有预测因子的完整模型从统计学上来说是具重要性的（X2=196.512，df=16，p=0.001），而且以机会准确值来说它有着充裕的比例，能准确地把66%的个案分类，反映模型能区分获得不同种类支持的调查对象。参照群组是由没有接受支持的老人。如老人与成年子女同住，他们获得财政支持和工具性支持的比率，比什么支持也得不到的比率高出3倍。受访对象的性别及健康亦是能否获得局部或全面的支持的决定因素。虽然同住状况影响了马来西亚长者得到的整体支持，但其他因素的相关影响亦需要注视。身体有残疾或高危长者需要获得支持，让他们不会老而无依。